Emergency First Aid Care Recognizing an Emergency Deciding to Help Personal Safety Using Barriers Assessing for Response Mechanism for Spinal Injury Activating Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Basic Life-Supporting Skills Airway – Head-Tilt, Chin-Lift Clearing the Airway – Log Roll Protecting the Airway – Recovery Position Breathing – Ventilations Mask/Shield Circulation – Chest Compressions Initial Assessment Unresponsive Patient CPR for Cardiac Arrest Sudden Cardiac Arrest – Using an AED Bare, Prepare, and Place Pads Basic AED Operation Troubleshooting Messages Other AED Considerations Control of Bleeding Managing Shock Choking Ongoing Assessment Warning Signs of Serious Illness Altered Level of Responsiveness Pain, Severe Pressure, or Discomfort in Chest Breathing Difficulty, Shortness of Breath Severe Abdominal Pain Mechanism for Significant Injury Swollen, Painful, Deformed Limb Specific First Aid Problems Moving Patients Emotional Impact of Providing First Aid Care